Foreign students must apply for a valid visa (Degree seeking students for Resident Visa) in your country of residence BEFORE entering Taiwan. For Exchange students whose exchange period is more than 180 days may apply for Resident Visas or for extendable Visitor Visas if the exchange period is less than 180 days.
Please contact the Ministry of Foreign Affairs(MOFA) and Republic of China (ROC) overseas missions in your countries / regions for the required documents, latest information and advices about which type of visa you should apply for.
MOFA: https://www.boca.gov.tw/mp-2.html